Global population growth is entering a new phase as the United Nations World Population Prospects projects that the world’s population will reach about 10.1 billion people by 2100, with almost all net growth coming from Africa, while Europe and parts of Asia decline.

According to the United Nations, global life expectancy at birth has experienced significant changes across various regions. As of 2024, the average life expectancy at birth worldwide is 73.3 years, with females averaging 76.0 years and males 70.7 years. ​